While the ambitious objectives outlined in the EU’s Green Deal aim at making Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050, national implementation greatly varies depending on local geographies, history, culture, economics, and politics. This book analyses Member States’ and EU neighbours’ national efforts to combat climate change. It subsequently draws on these factors to highlight local challenges, tensions, and opportunities on the road towards climate neutrality. In the context of inter-country dependencies following Russia’s war against Ukraine, it addresses strategic questions regarding EU integration, the transformation of our economies, the reduction of energy dependencies, and public perception of the above. The book also makes concrete recommendations, in various policy areas, on how individual countries and the EU as a whole should deal with the climate crisis.

The challenges that labour law currently faces are well known. The emergence of new forms of work and the growing importance of technology in the age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution are important tests of the resilience of this field of law and its function: regulating the labour market. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to examine the fundamentals of labour law, especially how subordinate labour is addressed in various countries’ constitutions, in order to focus the analysis of the new phenomena affecting labour relations on their fundamental frameworks.
In this context, this book puts forward an overarching framework that reflects how the Italian, German, French, Portuguese, and Spanish constitutions view labour in terms of both collective and individual relations – particularly the right to collective bargaining, the right to strikes and lock-outs, job security, and the right to remuneration – without losing sight of each Constitution's historical and political context.
The aim of this book is therefore to provide an overview of the labour law frameworks in the constitutions of these legal systems and to show, by means of practical examples, how the law concretely implements them. Accordingly, it provides notes on the legal treatment of the topics analysed, serving as a practical guide for the study of these matters in the respective jurisdictions.

« Toute société dans laquelle la garantie des droits n’est pas assurée, ni la séparation des pouvoirs déterminée, n’a point de constitution ». L’article 16 de la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen de 1789 définit de manière pérenne le droit constitutionnel ; le droit des citoyens, en clair.Pourquoi en est-il ainsi ? Parce que ceux-ci sont à l’origine du pouvoir et bénéficient d’une protection de leurs droits et libertés. Par suite, cette discipline juridique poursuit la noble ambition de combiner la démocratie et l’État de droit. Il importe donc d’intérioriser et de revendiquer, à tout instant, ce stade suprême de la civilisation politique pour être libre.Ce manuel est destiné, à titre principal, aux étudiants des Facultés de droit, des Instituts d’études politiques et, plus généralement, aux citoyens soucieux de participer à la vie démocratique. Il se présente ainsi :I. Les fondements du droit constitutionnel : l’État, les droits et libertés, le régime représentatif, les élections disputées, la constitution et la démocratie.II. Droit constitutionnel étranger : droit constitutionnel britannique, droit constitutionnel des États-Unis d’Amérique, éléments du droit constitutionnel européen, droit constitutionnel de la Russie et droit constitutionnel des sociétés émergentes (le Sud global).III. Droit constitutionnel français : l’histoire constitutionnelle de la France (de 1789 à 1958) et les institutions politiques contemporaines de la France : la constitution du 4 octobre 1958.

This Brief discusses the translation of global environmental norms across local contexts in France. It provides a snapshot of how global-level environmental norms travel vertically across levels of governance, from the global to the local, and asks how global environmental norms are (re)interpreted by local-level actors and translated to a particular local context. Chapters focus on three in-depth case studies, each involving multi-stakeholder environmental governance: (1) the Cerbère-Banyuls Marine Nature Reserve, (2) the Thau Fisheries Local Action Group (FLAG), and (3) the Biovallée biodistrict. In each of these cases, the author assesses how twilight norms are used to frame, promote, and generally develop a local discourse that centers on environmental conservation and sustainability. By combining concepts from the literature on norm localization with processes from the literature on norm-based institutional change, this Brief will generate new insights on the dynamic aspects of norm translation.

This open access book explores the energy transition / energy poverty nexus in the European Union, including the implications of the transition and related policies for the household sector. Written by experts on energy economics, energy studies and related fields, it examines the impacts and costs of the energy transition (including those caused by carbon pricing) for the economy and for families in particular. Providing case studies on Germany, France, Italy, Spain and Greece, the contributing authors highlight current overlapping vulnerabilities for households, show the effects of decarbonization policies on relative prices, and discuss strategies for reducing energy poverty while also decarbonizing. Moreover, they address household and consumer vulnerabilities in connection with societal transformations such as demographic changes and the aging populations of Europe and particularly Italy. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scholars and students of energy studies, energy economics and related fields, and to anyone interested in the benefits and costs of the ongoing energy transition.

This book analyses gender equality policy implementation in France. Presenting seven detailed case studies through a common comparative framework by leading experts on French gender policy, it sheds light on if, how, and under what conditions gender equality policy in practice leads to success, overall gender transformation, and enhanced gender equality in democratic settings. The book contributes to ongoing comparative research that focuses on the post adoption phases of implementation and evaluation and seeks to develop accurate recipes for gender equality policy success.